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FREDERIC T. GREENHALGE. 



Governor, 1894 — 



The Old Represei^tatives' Hale, 
1798-1895. 



AN ADDRESS 



DELIVERED BEFORE THE 



Massachusetts House of Eepresentatives, 

Jaxuary 2, 1895, 

BY 

Alfred Seelye Boe 

OF 

WORCESTER. 



BOSTON : 

WRIGHT AND POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS, 

18 Post Office Squake. 

1895. 



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[From the Jovrxal of the House.] 

January 2, 1895. 

Mr. Roe of Woix-ester offered the following order : 

Ordered, That when the House adjourns to-day it be to meet 
to-morrow at 11 o'clock a.m., in the chamber set apart foi- the 
House of Representatives in the State House Extension, and 
that hereafter tliat be the pLace of meetinir. 

After remarks hy INIr. IIoe, the order was adopted, and, 
on motion of Mr. Gkover of Canton, the thanks of the 
House were extended to Mr. Roe for his address, and the 
remarks were ordered to ])e printed and suital)ly Ijound 
as a House document. 




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ADDRESS. 



Mr. Speaker and Gentlemen^ of the 
House of Representatives : — While a new 
chamber, resplendent with gilt and marble, awaits 
us, a place adorned by all that fancy could depict 
and art apply, yet it must witness the passing of 
a century ere it gathers the interest that attaches 
to this hall Avhich we are about to leave. And 
now, when our departure is at hand, it would 
seem that the event merited more than the mere 
gathering up of our effects and our going hence. 
Accordingly, from word of mouth, from books 
and from tradition, I have collected data and 
incident which, in this parting hour, I submit for 
your consideration and as a final tribute to this 
place, replete with the memories of a hundred 
years. 

Ninety-seven years ago one week from next 
Friday, or on Thursday, the eleventh day of 
January, 1798, the Legislature of Massachusetts 
assembled for the last time in the old capitol on 



6 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

State Street. Agreeably to a vote, taken early in 
that day, the members were to march at noon to 
the new edifice then completed on Beacon Hill. 
The structure that they were leaving had stood 
just fifty years from its reconstruction, following 
the fire of 1747. The one which they were about 
to occupy was to see nearly twice that term of 
service. Had the artist of the day depicted the 
scene as those worthies, who constituted the ex- 
ecutive department and General Court of the 
Commonwealth, filed out for their memorable 
march, he would have drawn first the dignified 
figure of Increase Sumner, and by his side that 
of Moses Gill, respectively Governor and Lieu- 
tenant-Governor. Near them were the other 
executive officers with the Council, and follow- 
ing were the Senators, led by President Samuel 
Phillips, and the Representatives, at whose head 
was Edward Hutchinson Robbins of Milton. A 
large share of these men had seen service during 
the war of the Revolution, which was still a com- 
paratively recent event. As the season was that 
of winter, we may conclude that these gentlemen 
took the most direct route to the new edifice; and, 
this being the case, they must have walked along 




Increase Sumner. 

Born Nov. 27, 1746; died June 7, 1799. 
Governor, 1797 — June 7, 1799. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 



what is now Washington Street to School, and 
thence up that, across Tremont to Beacon, and so 
to their destination. In this journey they passed 
few structures standing to-day. Before reaching 
the old corner book store, then, as now, on School 
and Washington, there were possibly two build- 
ings still in existence; one adjoining the book 
store (277 and 279 Washington), the other 
farther north, and at j^resent undergoing certain 
repairs (235 Washington). On School Street, 
three ancient buildings (jSTos. 5, 7 and 11), just 
west of the store, are apparently nearly as old as 
the latter. Of the Province House, which stood 
farther south, there is now only a small part of 
its rear Avail (11 and 13 Pi-ovince Court), but, 
meagre as it is, often sought by him who reveres 
the past. King's Chapel is, as it was, a silent 
witness of the mutations of more than a century. 
Whatever there may have been in the way of 
buildings for the remainder of the journey, cer- 
tainly nothing continues in our day. But then, 
as they neared the front of, at that time, the most 
pretentious capitol in America, they could see 
plainly, for it was close at hand, the Hancock 
mansion, and, remembering how dear to the 



THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 



Continental president had been the project of 
a State House near his dweUing, we may imag- 
ine many a sturdy Kei^resentative nudging his 
neighbor, as they turned to enter the edifice, and 
remarking, " If the old governor had only lived 
to see this day ! " They had just passed the last 
resting place of the patriot and statesman in the 
Granary burying ground, where to-day, after 
more than a hundred years, his grave has no 
adequate memorial.^ AVe can fancy the long line 
of men filing rapidly through Doric Hall and up 
the stairways to this chamber, and occupying, for 
the first time, the seats prepared for their recep- 
tion. It was the winter session of the Legislat- 
ure of 1797-1798. Speaker Kobbins must have 
held the gavel, unless he passed it over to 
President Phillips." Be this as it may, there 
is no doubt that Gov. Increase Sumner, on the 
succeeding day, addressed the assembled bodies 
in the following words : — 

1 The Lei^'islature of 1894 appropriated $3,000 for the purpose of markin.;^ 
this grave, and proposals for designs have been solicited. 

" Samuel Phillips, born in North Andover, Feb. 7, 1751 ; died there, Feb. 
10, 1802; Lieutenant-Governor of the Commonwealth at the time. Twenty 
years a State senator and for fifteen years president of the Senate, said years 
consecutive (1782-1801), except the single year's presidency, in 1787-88, of 
Samuel Adams. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 



Gentlemen of the Senate and Gentle- 
men OF the House of Representatives : 

While I rejoice with you, and my fellow citizens 
at large, on the completion of this stately edifice, 
not less honorable to the Commonwealth, at whose 
expense it was erected, than ornamental to the 
capital which generously provided the place, per- 
mit me to express my entire satisfaction at the 
ingenious manner in which the plan has been 
executed. Begun and finished in little more than 
two years, it exhibits a pleasing proof of the 
architecture, skill and fidelity of your agents who 
planned and superintended the work, while it 
demonstrates the ability of the artificers who 
performed it. 

Combining the advantages of suitable retire- 
ment, a healthy situation and delightful prospect 
with such elegant and very convenient apartments 
for the security of the records and for transacting 
the public business, there is perhaps no public 
building to be found within the United States 
more useful or magnificent. I am confident that 
you, gentlemen of both Houses of the Legislature, 
will cordially join me in the fervent wish that this 
State House may long remain a monument of the 
public spirit of the citizens of Massachusetts, as 
well as a testimony of their respect to our happy 
political institutions. We will then, under the 
smiles of Heaven, unite in dedicating it to the 
honor, freedom, independence and security of 
our country. In this House may the true i)rin- 
ciples of the best system of civil government the 



10 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

world has ever seen be uniformly supported; here 
may every practice and principle be successfully 
opposed that tend to impair it; here may every 
act of the Legislature be the result of cool delib- 
eration and sound judgment; and in this House, 
on all necessary occasions, may the Supreme 
Executive, agreeably to the laws of the land, in 
mercy cause judgment to be executed, and each 
branch of our elective government continue faith- 
ful in the discharge of its trust. God grant that 
neither external force or influence, nor internal 
commotion or violence, may ever shake the pillars 
of our free Republic. 

The men thus addressed would have been note- 
worthy anywhere, but to us they have a pecul- 
iar interest as our predecessors, nearly a hundred 
years aAvay. They were only seventeen years 
from the close of the Revolutionary war. Among 
a people that had sent into the struggle more than 
92,000 men it would not be strange if a large per- 
centage of the men before us had borne arms in 
that immortal strife.^ It is certain that very few 
of those whose names have been borne on the 
wings of fame had no part in that conflict. While 
some of the leading officers may not have carried 

' Reference to the revolutionary archives discloses that at least ninety-one of 
these Representatives had seen service during the struggle for liberty. Many of 
them had served throughout the war, attaining, in many cases, high rank. 




Moses Gill. 

Born Jan. i8, 1733; died May 20, 1800. 
Lieutenant-Governor, 1794— May 20, 1800. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. H 



muskets, yet in some way they had periled life 
and reputation for what they deemed the right. 
There were one hundred and eighty-nine members 
of the House, and they came from all parts of the 
Commonwealth, including the district of Maine. 
The town of Lincoln sends her honored son, Capt. 
Samuel Hoai-, the grandfather of our United 
States Senator, Geo. F. Hoar, himself a man who 
could tell the story of fighting for fatherland. He 
had been one of the party that conducted to the 
seaboard the British officers and men captured at 
Saratoga. Here, too, is Richard Devens, whose 
blood three generations afterwards was to appear 
in the person of Charles Devens, soldier and 
jurist; and the great-grandfather is a soldier also 
— one of the men sent by Charlestown. Among 
the Boston members is Dr. William Eustis, who 
throughout the war had done efficient service as a 
surgeon, and who, a few years afterwards, was to 
be governor of the State. Worcester sends down 
Levi Lincoln, Sr., for many years an invaluable 
holder of State and national office, lieutenant-gov- 
ernor in 1807-1809 and again in 1823-1824. He 
had responded as a minute man. And there was 
Caleb Strong from JS'orthampton, a man for the 



12 THE OLD llEPKESENTATIVES' HALL. 

times, bearing in his nature all the qualities indi- 
cated in his name, the man who later had the 
hardihood to oppose the war of 1812, not because 
he was afraid to fight, for he knew the whole 
story of the Revolution. He had been Senator in 
the national capital, and was to be the very next 
governor, in which capacity he had the bravery to 
overlook the beruffled gentry of the existing ju- 
diciary, and to make Theophilus Parsons chief 
justice of the supreme court, an act for which sub- 
sequent generations cannot be grateful enough. 
As a study of heredity it is interesting to com- 
pare the names of these Representatives of a 
century since with those of the men last elected 
to this body, and I find no less than thirty-eight 
coincidences. I cannot state that the members of 
to-day are descended from the good men of 1798, 
but the surnames continue. Going through the 
list, I find Barnes (2), Bates, Bliss, Brown (2), 
Clark, Drew, Drury, Holland, Holt, Howe, Hutch- 
inson, Kingman, Mellen (2) (this name suggests 
the frequent remark that he, by common consent 
ycleped "Jim,"^ has been in the House so long 
that the memory of man runneth not to the con- 

I James H. Mellen, Worcester, thirteen times elected to the House. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 13 

trary. Confirmation of this statement is found in 
the appearance of his name in 1798, though in 
those days they called him James, and he lived 
in Ilolliston), Mitchell, ^N^orton, Parker, Perkins, 
Phelps, Putnam, Rice, Richardson, Rowe,^ Rus- 
sell, Sargent, Smith (2), Snow, Stone, Strong, 
Thacher, Thurston, Turner, White (2), and 
Wood. One of the first acts of the House, thus 
assembled, was to vote the front seats to the 
Boston members, — a distinction of Avhich the 
successors of those same members have always 
thought themselves worthy though they have not 
in every case secured what they wished. Very 
likely this courtesy was extended on account of 
the gift by Boston of the site of the State House. 
Owing to the season of the year, it will not 
seem especially strange that on the first day (Jan- 
uary 10), in the old State House, it was voted 
to expend $150 for the purchase of fuel. The 
firejolaces of those days, though healthful, were 

' By members of the same family tliis name is spelled both with and without 
the w. John Rowe of Gloucester is here referred to. He was for nine years a 
member of the House from that place, and one year from Essex County in the 
Senate. He later removed to Milton, where lie had inherited at least a portion 
of the property of his uncle, that John Rowe of Boston at whose instance in 1784 
the figure of the codfish was suspended in the Representatives' Chamber of the 
Old State House. 



14 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

fearfully voracious. But the chamber now first 
occupied had a somewhat different appearance 
from that which we know. There were no north 
and south galleries, and no addition on the north 
side; so those gentlemen, as they took their seats, 
had a clear outlook through the north windows to 
Bunker Hill, whose history they knew by heart, 
and doubtless many a man could have told of 
Putnam and Prescott and the events of that im- 
mortal 17th of June. There was really no reason 
why they should not look away to Bunker Hill, 
for there were very few buildings to shut out the 
view. Towards the west, and close at hand, they 
must have noted the column on the highest part 
of Beacon Hill, which Avas not only a tribute to 
the talent and patriotism of Bulfinch the con- 
structor, ^ but a fitting memorial to the heroism of 
the men of the Revolution, of whom they were a 
portion, and towards the history, written on the 
tower's tablets, they had contributed no inconsid- 
erable part. It was, too, the very hill on Avhich 
had stood the beacon for a hundred and fifty 

1 On his return from Europe, in 178G, Mr. Bulfinch, impressed with the 
desirableness of some memorial of Revolutionary valor antl sacrifices, solicited 
the funds for this monument, which he designed, and whose construction in 1790 
he superintended. It was taken down in 1811. 








Born Aug. 8, 1763; died April 15, 1844. 
Architect. Member of Building Commission. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 15 

years, ever a hateful sight to tyrants. The figure 
of the eagle, which, since 1850, has hung over 
the Speaker's head, then surmounted Bulfinch's 
tower, and the tablets on the walls of the corri- 
dor south of Doric Hall were attached to its base. 
After the manner of their British ancestors, these 
men sat with covered heads, a custom that pre- 
vailed till well along into the thirties.^ 

In those days there was little dallying over 
what might be considered liberty of thought, for 
every man had been obliged to subscribe to the 
following oath : " I, A. B , do declare that I 
believe the Christian religion and have firm per- 
suasion of its truth." The fact, too, that he 
was there, was evidence that he was possessed 
of a freehold yielding an annual income of three 
pounds, or was possessed of property to the value 
of fifty pounds. In addition to the foregoing 
oath, all had to renounce all allegiance to the king 
or queen of Great Britain and to every other 



» Jan. 6, 1838, George W. Warren of Charlestown introduced an order 
instructing the committee on Rules to inquire into the expediency of requir- 
ing members to sit with uncovered heads. The order was negatived, but its 
introduction indicates the trend of custom. Hats gradually disappeared dur- 
ing the sittings, though the Hon. John I. Baker says many members wore 
them in 1840, possibly out of sympathy with the Friends or Quaker members, 
who carried into the Legislature the habits of their daily lives. 



16 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

foreign power whatever : " And that no foreign 
prince, person, prelate, state or potentate hath or 
ought to have any jurisdiction, superiority, pre- 
eminence, authority, dispensing or other power in 
any matter, civil, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within 
this Commonwealth, except the power which is or 
may be vested by their Constitution in the Con- 
o:ress of the United States. And I do further tes- 
tify and declare that no man or body of men hath, 
or can have, any right to absolve or discharge 
me from the obligation of this oath, declaration 
or affirmation," etc. Having fought a good fight, 
those people were not disposed to put their per- 
sons in chancery, at least of their own volition. 
Several days after, or the 16th, the House re- 
sponded to Governor Sumner's address, saying : — 

May it please your Excellency : — The House 
of Representatives have received your Excellency 
with great pleasure in the new and elegant build- 
ing erected for the better accommodation of the 
several branches of government. 

In this splendid specimen of the taste and judg- 
ment of the agents who planned and superin- 
tended, and in the ability of the artificers who 
completed its structure, we are happy to find the 
public confidence completely justified. Long may 
it continue an ornament to the capital, Avhose 



ADDRESS BY ALFllED S. HOE. 17 

inhabitants generonsly gave the situation on 
which it is erected, and a monument of the pub- 
lic spirit of the people of Massachusetts, sacred 
to the purposes to which it has been devoted. 

Thus was inaugurated the ninety-seven years' 
occupancy of this hall. The story of this period, 
told in full, fills whole alcoves of the State lil)rary. 
In brief, we have the resultant in the volume of 
statutes. More than sixteen thousand difierent 
men have here acted their ])arts, long or short. 
Of course the large majority came for a year only, 
and thereafter dated all events from the year " I 
was in the House." While aftairs were directed 
by the few, it was ever a laudable ambition to hold 
a seat in this chamber. The Legislature of Mas- 
sachusetts is the oldest continuous leo'islative 
body in America, and certainly no other one holds 
a higher rank in attainments and general worth. 
" The member from Cranberry Centre " has long 
been the butt of wit and satire; but take him for 
all in all, he is a type of whom the world may well 
be proud. Here were begun the careers that led 
through the highest honors in the gift of the State 
and nation. This space is an arena in Avhicli 
many a gladiator has given proof of his metal. 



18 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 



Through this chamber passed every Governor 
after 1798, save nine. Of these, two had been 
members of the Senate, and two, Morton and 
Emory Washburn, came hither long after they 
had doffed the robes of executive office, the latter 
appearing in his old age to be the dean of the 
House and to die while a member. So then, 
of the whole thirty-one individuals holding the 
highest office in the State, only John Davis, 
Edward Everett, George N. Briggs, Alexander 
H. Rice and "William E. Kussell gained their 
places save through some service in the Legis- 
lature. "With our lieutenant-governors the case 
is similar. There have been thirty-two of these 
officers, and only Elisha Huntington and John 
Nesmith failed to see some time in one or both 
of the branches of the Legislature. Five, viz., 
Phillips, Goodrich, Weston, Ames and Haile, 
were in the Senate only, while Plunkett, Brown 
and Trask came back after their higher honors 
to wrestle here. Since 1798 thirty-two men have 
been United States Senators from this State, and 
of these only Pickering, Davis, Everett and Sum- 
ner were in neither body; John Quincy Adams, 
Prentiss Mellen and Samuel Dexter were in the 



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Roger 'Wolcott. 

Lieutenant-Governor, 1893 — • 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 19 



Senate; the other twenty-six were, more or less, 
in the House and in the Senate also. The same 
rule applies to the Representatives in Congress 
from Massachusetts. Of the present thirteen 
members, only Wright, Apsley, Everett, Draper 
and Randall have not been in the House; the 
latter has served iu the Senate. The importance 
of a position here may be gathered from the fact 
that in foruier times it was not unusual for the 
same man to be nomiuated and elected to both 
bodies, in which case he had his choice of places. 
So experienced and wily a manager and statesman 
as Elbridge Gerry never failed to choose the nom- 
inally lower House, seeing in it a broader field for 
talent and energy. How others, outside of our 
numbers, have regarded this body we may learn in 
part from the language of that long-time clerk of 
the Senate, Stephen ]N'. Gifford, when his friends 
were giving him his famous complimentary dinner 
in 1882: " Who has made Massachusetts the best 
Commonwealth on the face of God's earth but the 
Legislature of Massachusetts." That most courtly 
of gentlemen and affable of officers, Sergeant-at- 
Arms Benjamin Stevens, once became as near 
being excited as he was ever known to be over an 



20 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

indication that a certain governor was endeavor- 
ing to inflnence legislation. Raising his hands in 
deprecation, he exclaimed, " The idea of any gov- 
ernor attempting to influence the highest power in 
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ! " 

For many years, or till 1858, the numbers con- 
stituting this body were variable. From 1780 
to 1837, the basis of representation was as 
follows: Every corj^orate town having one hun- 
dred and fifty ratable polls was entitled to one 
Kepresentative ; those having three hundred and 
seventy-five could have two Kepresentatives, six 
hundred ratable polls could have three, and so on, 
one additional Kepresentative for every two hun- 
dred and twenty-five additional qualified voters, 
provided that every town, then incorporated, 
though it might not have the requisite number 
of polls, should not be deprived of representation, 
but no town could thereafter be incorporated 
with less than the one hundred and fifty qualified 
voters with the privilege of representation. The 
General Court had power to fine a town if it 
failed to avail itself of this electoral privilege. 
The system that went into operation in 1837 was, 
if possible, more cumbersome than that which it 




Benjamin Stevens. 

Born April i6, 1790; died Feb. 11, 1865. 
Sergeant-at-Arms, 1835 — 1859. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. UOK. 21 

displaced. Three hundred ratable polls became 
the basis for one Representative; any city or 
town having four hundred and fifty additional 
voters could have an additional Representative. 
Where the town had less than the requisite three 
hundred, the number of polls at the last preceding 
decennial census was multiplied by ten and the 
product divided by three hundred, and the quo- 
tient indicated the number of times within ten 
years that the town might elect one Representa- 
tive. The same plan prevailed with the excess 
above the required number in cities and towns 
already entitled to one Representative, with this 
difference, that here the product of excess multi- 
plied by ten was to be divided by four hundred 
and fifty. The result, to the Solons who devised 
this scheme, must have been suriDrising, for they 
had set out to reduce the numbers of their House, 
in 1837, consisting of six hundred and thirty-five 
members. It had been evident that something 
must be done, for a House so numerous, became, 
surely, too popular a branch. The next year, 
under the new rule, the number dropped to four 
hundred and eighty, but in 1839 and 1840 it went 
up to five hundred and twenty-one. Accordingly 



22 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

a new plan was again devised, and now the basis 
of representation is to be twelve hundred inhabi- 
tants, quite a step upward, and twenty-four hun- 
dred is the mean advancing number to increase 
the representation. Where there are less than 
twelve hundred people the town may elect one 
Representative as many times in every ten years 
as one hundred and sixty is contained times in the 
number of inhabitants, and such towns may elect a 
Representative for the year in which the valuation 
of estates within the Commonwealth is settled. 
At this time comes the beginning of the forma- 
tion of legislative districts from adjoining towns, 
with all the privileges with reference to rejDre- 
sentation accorded to a town having the same 
number of inhabitants. To provide for the inevi- 
table increase of inhabitants, it was further or- 
dained that whenever the population of the State 
should reach seven hundred and fifty thousand, 
the number that should entitle a town to a Rep- 
resentative, the mean increasing number which 
should entitle a town to more than one, and also 
the number by which the representation of towns 
not entitled to a Representative every year is to 
be divided shall be increased, respectively, by one- 




George v. L. Meyer. 

Speaker, 1894 — 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 23 



tenth of the numbers above mentioned. When- 
ever seventy thousand i)eople are added to the 
population, one-tenth shall again be added, as 
before. As all the members of the Governor's 
Council during these years had not had the benefit 
of full college courses in mathematics, the wonder 
constantly grows that at each recurring ten years 
there was not a marked addition to the inmates in 
the various State lunatic asylums. However, the 
people worried along with their variable numbers 
in their popular branch till they hit upon the only 
feasible solution of their problem, viz., a definite, 
constant number, which they decided should be 
two hundred and forty. This amendment went 
into eifect in 1858, and continues to date. The 
property qualification went out in the amendment 
of 1840. The peculiar oaths prescribed by the 
Constitution ceased with the ratification of the 
Constitutional Convention of 1820. 

The fathers did not vote themselves magnificent 
salaries. The very first session in this chamber 
rated the services of the public servants at two 
dollars per day, and by Constitution they were 
entitled to mileage, which they rated at two dol- 
lars for every ten miles. This compensation con- 



24 THE OLD RErilESENTATIVES' HALI,. 

tinned for nearly or quite fifty years. Indeed, 
mentioning- this subject, our venerable friend, 
John I. Baker of Beverly, says that in 1840, his 
first year, he boarded at the Pemberton House on 
the site of the present Howard Athenaeum, and, 
though he was in the Legislature when more 
liberal salaries were allowed, that Avas the only 
year Avhen he saw a margin in his favor. 

There were subsequent rises, till we come to 
the pay of to-day, small when compared with the 
fifteen hundred dollars paid by 'New York, yet 
making, with the two dollars per mile mileage, a 
very large aggregate. The forbidding of railroad 
passes to officials of the State was an act of the 
Legislature of 1892.^ In 1832 small clothes dis- 
appeared, three members then weai-ing such in- 

1 Feb. 28, 1851, it was voted to permit the drawing of the sum of $50 per 
month, provided the pay due amounted to that sum. Feb. 1, 1855, tlie pay was 
raised to $3 per day, and the possible monthly drawing was made S75. Jan. 30, 
1858, annual compensation was placed at $300. The mileage of $1 for every five 
miles was payable the first day of the session ; on the first day of each month 
thereafter members could draw $2 per day, and on the final day all arrears 
May 14, 1864, the legislators voted themselves an additional $100, and passed the 
act over the governor's veto. It was for that year only. June 22, 1870, compen- 
sation was set at $5 per day. April 14, 1871, pay was fixed at $750 a year. In 
1872 the drawing of $100 per month was permitted. Feb. 29, 187C, the salary 
went back to $650 per annum. Feb. 28, 1879, pay reduced to $500. Jan. 29, 
1885, pay raised to $650. June 30, 1886, compensation placed at its present 
figure, viz., $750. 




Edward A. McLaughlin. 

Clerk, 1883 — 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 25 

teguments, one of whom being Maj. Thomas 
Melville of Boston tea party fame, and who is 
also supposed to have been the last American to 
wear the cocked hat. Between small clothes and 
the oldest living representative, or the old and the 
new, there is no break. 

Sessions have varied much in length, though 
in later years few have gone nnder one hundred 
and fifty days. The year 1798 beheld the law 
makers of Massachusetts in this building eighty- 
three days. There have been shorter terms, and 
of course many that were longer. The longest 
session was in General Butler's year, and it 
dragged along through two hundred and six 
weary days. The closing chapter in the book 
of this chamber had one hundred and eighty 
pages. We started in to make a record of 
brevity, but our i)rogress was halted, para- 
doxically, it would seem, by rapid transit. 

Few Massachusetts people of middle life have 
not heard of the wonders of 'lection day. Then 
the Commonwealth put on her best and saw the 
Governor inaugurated. All this was on the last 
Wednesday in May. The legislative year began 
then, the members having been elected in that 



26 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

month, with at least ten days intervening. The 
summer session was, however, a brief one, seldom 
lasting a month. In January they came together 
again for their protracted stay, extending occa- 
sionally well along towards the dandelion season. 
With the proverbial conservatism of the English 
race, people who are marvels of inertia, whether 
of motion or rest, still seen in the retention of 
town meeting in the month of March or April, 
simply because the year began in March when the 
earlier towns were formed, our State held on to 
the old custom till 1832, when it was thought de- 
sirable to make the political year conform to that 
of the calendar. Gov. Levi Lincoln had the priv- 
ilege of promulgating the 10th amendment in 1831, 
June 15, and he was the first Governor to be in- 
augurated in the January following; but for fifty 
years there were not wanting those who bewailed 
the loss of 'lection day. 

It has been said that of the making of many 
books there is no end; and of the truth of the 
statement there would be no doubt were all of us 
to see the mass of printed matter that, first and 
last, the Massachusetts Legislature has been re- 
sponsible for. And the books that have l)een pre- 



^^.i» 




NATHANIEL P. BANKS, Jr. 

Born Jan. 30, 1816; died Sept. i, 1894- 
Speaker, 1851 — 1852. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 27 

served are nearly legion. Then, too, the volumes 
grow in size. The first product of laws from this 
Capitol numbered eighty-one folio pages, the last, 
that of 1894, fills a royal octavo of seven hundred 
and fifty-six pages. The first Blue Book or Acts 
and Resolves came in 1839, bound in blue, doubt- 
less because the rules and orders had been thus 
colored for years. 

In the earlier days and even down to a quite 
recent period members did not think it necessary 
to take a Saturday recess. Jan. 9, 1877, John D. 
Washburn of Worcester introduced an order, to 
the effect that when the House adjourn on Friday 
it be to meet on the following Monday at two 
o'clock, imtil otherwise ordered. Revolutions 
seklom move backward, and there have been 
very few Saturday sessions since. 

The legislator who to-day rides comfortably a 
hundred or more miles to and from the daily ses- 
sions of the General Court has little notion of the 
troubles of those who came hither a century since 
or even in much later days. Then the country 
member came to stay till the work was done, and 
he rather liked to labor Saturdays, for it hastened 
the day of his return. The hills of Berkshire 



28 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

were three clays away, and Washington County, 
Maine, much farther. The horse that he may 
have ridden to town was pining for the rich 
pastures of the home fields, and homesickness 
was not an unknown complaint to the Solon him- 
self. It is said that some of these far-away Repre- 
sentatives used to put their steeds out to pasture 
in the neighboring towns, and some even disputed 
the grassy slopes of the Common with the regular 
dwellers in Boston. It is an interesting item that, 
Avhen the Messenger's house at 46 Hancock Street 
was built, provision was also made for the horses 
of the members who rode or drove in from the 
nearer towns. There were spaces for between 
thirty and forty beasts, and the doors were opened 
in the morning by an employee of the Messenger, 
and by him closed at night. The Solons were 
their own hostlers, as well as Jehus. After a 
time the State sold the land thus employed to 
the city of Boston, and it was long covered by 
the reservoir. Later the State bought it back, 
and our new Kepresentatives' Hall is not far 
from covering the land where our predecessors 
groomed and fed their steeds with grain and fod- 
der brought by them from their respective homes. 




Jacob Kuhn. 

Born Nov. 25, 1763; died Sept. 22, 1835. 
Messenger, 1786 — 1835. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 29 

There have been but five men ^ who as mes- 
senger or sergeant-at-arms have had the care of 
this building. Jacob Kuhn, wlio came liere Avith 
the first comers, was for more tlian fifty years 
connected w^ith tlie Legislature. Small in stature, 
yet he Avas the soul of graciousness, and was all 
that faithfulness implies. The first sergeant-at- 
arms was Benjamin Stevens. A member of this 
body, he resigned to take the office, which he held 
for twenty-five years. No one knew his duty 

' Jacob Kuhn, to 1835 ; Benjamin Stevens, Boston, 1835-59 ; John Morissey, 
Plymouth, 1859-74; Orcb F. Mitcliell, Boston, 1874-85; John G. B. Adams, 
Lynn, 1886- . Jacob Kuhn, born Nov. 25, 1763, in Boston, died there in the 
messenger's house, on the reservoir site, Sept. 22, 1835. His fatlier was Joim 
George Kuhn, born in Koniijsberg, East Prussia, Aug. 1, 1740, wlio came to 
America in 1754, and was for Tuany years a scliool-master in Boston. He died 
Nov. 20, 1822. Jacob's grandfather was Jacob, a native of Gochsheim, Wiir- 
temberg, wlio came to this country in 1754 and, witli his eldest son, was drowned, 
Nov. 28, 1763, at tlie mouth of tlie Kennebec River, at a phice since Ivuown as 
Kuhn's Point. In 1781, Jacob Kuhn became assistant messenger, and in 1786 
was advanced to full charge, dying in office in 1835. Of him his son said, " He 
was strictly temperate, inflexibly honest, unbending in duty, kind, generous, 
pious and remarkably patient under trials, of which he had a full share." At 
his death the Legislature voted to have his funeral puljlic in the Representatives' 
chamber, but the family preferring, it was held privately at his late home, with 
deputations from the Senate and House attending. He was buried in the family 
tomb in the old Common Burial Ground. 

Benjamin Stevens was born in the city of Boston ; was in the House of Rep- 
resentatives in 1833, 1834 and 1835 ; in the last year he resigned to become the 
successor of Messenger Jacob Kuhn, being the first to hold the office of Sergeant- 
at-Arms. He was again elected to the House in 1862, and in 1863, durmg the 
absence of Maj. John Morissey, who was serving a nine months' term as major 
of the 3d Regiment, Mr. Stevens again performed the duties of Sergeant-at- 
Arms. His body lies in Mt. Auburn. It was during Mr. Stevens' term of office 



30 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

better, and no one had a wider range of friends. 
As an illustration of his tact, the story is told that 
a certain gentleman of decayed fortunes had taken 
up the habit of walking in Doric Hall. Day after 
day he kept up his peregrinations, pausing only to 
borrow a dollar of some impressionable country- 
man. As the dollar was never paid back, and as 
the purses of the members were none too long, 
they complained to Mr. Stevens, who in his bland- 
est manner requested the walker to take up his 

that lie made Thomas J. Tucker a State House employee. The latter, now the 
senior of all those having the Capitol in charge, was born in Boston, Dec. 21, 
1831, was graduated from the Mayhew School, and, after a short experience in 
business, became a messenger here, Jan. 1, 1856. He was made assistant door- 
keeper in 1869, and door-keeper in 1875. 

John Morissey was born in Boston, of Irish descent. He was a printer by 
trade and as such worked in Nantucket, whence, in 1849, he was sent to the 
House and again in 1857. In 1858 he represented the Island District in the 
Senate. During the same year he removed to Plymouth, which place was his 
home till his death. Coming into office during the administration of Governor 
Banks, he served, excepting a term of active military service as major of the 
3d Regiment, till long after the Civil War, during which struggle he was of 
especial value to Governor Andrew. Returning to his home at the end of his 
State House career, he became in 1877 treasurer of Plymouth County, and as 
such continued to the time of his death. 

Captain Mitchell enlisted early in the War of the Rebellion from the town of 
Middleborough. As a captain in the 40th Regiment he lost an arm at Drury's 
Bluff, May 16, 1864. He is now a resident of Boston. 

Captain Adams served throughout the war in the 19th Regiment. He was 
twice severely wounded at Gettysburg, on the second day. In 1864, June 22, 
he was captured by the enemy before Petersburg, and was held a prisoner till 
March 1, 1865. It will be noted that every Sergeant-at-Arms, save the first, was 
a soldier during the Rebellion. 




John Morissey. 

Sergeant-at-Arms, 1859 — 74. 



ADDRESS BY ALFllKD S. ROE. 31 

line of march in some new direction; whereupon 
the reproved turned upon the officer and fiercely 
replied, " Move on ! why, I own a part of this 
building," " Sure enough, so you do," said Mr. 
Stevens, " and when avc divide it you shall have 
your share." So effectual was the rejoinder that 
the part owner disappeared completely. Through 
Morissey and Mitchell we come to Captain 
Adams, and long may he be the last. 

Whether or not service here is conducive to 
longevity, it is certain that some members have at- 
tained very old age. The senior surviving Rep- 
resentative is Henry Mills, now of Binghamton, 
!N^. Y., but in his legislative days from Millbury. 
He served in the Houses of 1833-34. At last 
accounts he was hale and hearty, and able to 
write a particularly vigorous letter. Joshua T. 
Everett of Westminster, though he represented 
Princeton in this hall, survives, at eighty-eight 
years, a fellow legislator with Mr. Mills in 1834. 
Few of the men here to-day step off more nimbly 
than does this Worcester County nonogenarian, 
who, in N^ovember last, told me that on the next 
morning he expected to walk over to his old home 
in Princeton, nearly six miles distant. Of all 



32 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

those who have held places here, few if any, in 
later years, exceed the term of service of John I. 
Baker, long' known as the blue-eyed philosopher 
of Beverly, and who, at the age of eighty-two, his 
newly formed city, by a unanimous vote, makes 
her first mayor, by such action honoring herself 
no less than her aged citizen. As a member of 
the Harbor and Land Commission he still renders 
the State valuable service. His first year was 
1840, his last 1884; and between them he sat 
eighteen years in this chamber. 

When he came hither, this room was unchanged 
from the shape given it by the builders, with the 
possible addition of balcony galleries on each side. 
Then light came in at the north windows and from 
the south; it streamed in through right-angled 
spaces where is now the special gallery. The 
two corners at the south had their fireplaces, as 
of yore, and daily consumed great quantities of 
wood. They admitted of good ventilation, but 
real warmth was to be had only by heated discus- 
sions, which we have reason to believe were not 
often wanting. Here in the opposite corners were, 
at a slight elevation, private boxes, where the 
favored visitors might witness the contests in the 




Oreb F. Mitchell. 

Sergeant-at-Arms, 1875 — 1885. 




Robert C. \Vinthrop. 

Born May 12, 1809; died Nov. 16, 1894. 
Speaker, 1838 — 1840. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 33 

arena. Instead of the chairs known to us of a 
later date, were fixed settees extending across the 
hall, with certain passageways. The clerk's desk 
Avas in front of that of the speaker, and the large 
area in front was filled with movable settees for 
the accommodation of members. The latter were 
so numerous that they filled the entire floor, Ijoth 
galleries, and, for their further convenience, bal- 
conies had been constructed on each side, afford- 
ing seats for sixteen men in each one. Mr. Baker 
says that, as the names of Texas and Oregon were 
often heard in those days, by some queer combi- 
nation the west gallery was called Oregon; the 
east, Texas; and so dignified a presiding officer as 
Kobert C. Winthrop would address men in these 
places as the member in Texas, or the other place, 
as it happened. From the light afforded in the 
evening by tallow dips, througli the period of gas 
to the 2)resent system of electricity, the progress 
has been marked and desirable. There was no 
chandelier till the introduction of electricity. For 
many years the House got along well enough with 
only one clock, that facing the speaker; but it 
remained for Representative Daniels of Oxford, 
1877, who sat too flir back to derive any good 



34 THE OLD KEPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

from the clock, to introduce an order that a time- 
piece be placed behind the speaker and in front 
of the members, a proposition at which all laughed 
and for which a majority voted, and then, Avhen 
its convenience was discovered, wondered that no 
one had thought of it before. In those days, 
the entrances to this hall were near the fireplaces 
towards the south, instead of being in the middle 
of each side, as now. 

The renovation and additions of 1853 very sen- 
sibly changed the conditions here. The large 
Bryant addition on the north closed the lower 
windows on that side, but gave light through 
higher ones, and at the same time provided excel- 
lent places for the reporters, who before that had 
been huddled down by the speaker's side. On the 
south there was an extension under the balcony, 
aflPording the much-used passageway and the gal- 
lery above, the lower convenience, especially, being 
one that the smokers of the Legislature could 
hardly spare, though its very existence may have 
given origin to the local name of " Murderers 
Row," long applied to the last range of seats at 
the south. Changes having been begun, subse- 




John G. B. Adams. 

Sergeant-at-Arms, 1886 — 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 35 

quent ones Avei-e eiFected the more easily; and 
in 1866 a very complete overhauling was had, 
in which the balconies disappeared, likewise the 
fireplaces and the settees, heat being afforded by 
a system of furnaces. Though Architect Wm. 
Washburn Avas much criticised by the press and 
people for what he did and for what he did not 
do, he says, in his report, "The ventilation of the 
Representatives' Hall is perhaps the most com- 
plete success ever accomplished in this country," 
— an opinion and statement which seem quite 
amusing when placed side by side with the many 
criticisms heard in recent years. 

So much for the material changes. Men have 
come and gone. They have here played their 
brief parts and have been crowded off. Few 
men have achieved political distinction in this 
Commonwealth Avithout having been, at some 
time, connected Avith this House. Daniel Web- 
ster was a member in 1822, but he did not come 
in till the second day, and had to be SAVorn by 
himself. He was not a member of any commit- 
tee, and the journal has his name only once, and 
then as one of a special committee to report at the 



36 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

winter session a system of rules. I cannot find 
that he ever reported.^ It should be stated, in the 
matter of committees, that in the early days there 
were only eleven joint standing ones, and of the 
House there were eight. This was the case in 
Webster's day. In 1835, John G. Whittier had 
a seat here from Haverhill, and he was re-elected 
in 1836, but illness prevented his taking his place. 
The father of Senator Hoar, Samuel Hoar of 
Concord, after his term in Congress was a mem- 
ber, and was instrumental in saving the rights 
and privileges of Harvard College. The Sena- 
tor himself was here in 1852. ^N'oah Webster, 
the famous maker of the dictionary, represented 
Amherst for three years, when the century was 
in its teens. 

At the clerk's desk for twelve years, or from 
1832 to 1813, sat Luther S. Cushing, whose 
manual on parliamentary usage has been the 
school-boy's Bible for more than fifty years. 
As a gentleman has remarked, the Legislature 
has had the man who made the dictionary and 



1 In fairness to Mr. Webster, it should be stated that, having been elected 
to Congress in the autumn of 1822, it is possible that he did not feel obligated 
to give any of his subsequent time to the Legislature. 




Luther S. Gushing. 

Born June 22, 1803; died June 22, 1856. 
Clerk, 1832 — 1843. 



ADDRESS BY ALl'llED S. UOE. 



the one who made the manual, so that there 
seems to be lacking only the maker of the Bible. 
Fifteen others ' link 1798 with 1883, when Edward 
A. McLaughlin became our efficient clerk. 

From Robbins to Meyer, forty-three men - have 
occupied the speaker's chair. Of these, the long- 
est consecutive holding in this chamber was by 
William B. Calhoun of Springfield, seven years; 
though Timothy Bigelow, representing Groton 

1 In this number should be mentioned the names of William Schouler, 1853, 
who was adjutant-general during the war period, and who wrote the standard 
" History of Massachusetts in the Rebellion ; " "William S. Robinson, 1862-1872, 
whose caustic pen as correspondent of the " Springfield Republican," while it 
brought him fame, also made him hosts of enemies ; Charles H. Taylor, 1873, 
long manager of the -'Boston Globe;" George A. Harden, 1874-1882, only a 
year since retiring from the five years treasurership of the State. The first clerk 
to serve here was Henry Warren, youngest son of Gen. James and Mercy Otis 
Warren. He was born in riymouth, 1764, and died in that town, 1828. His 
father had been speaker, 1787-1788, and his own service as clerk of the House 
extended from 1792 to 1802. During Shays's Rebellion he served upon the staff 
of Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln with the rank of major, a title by which he was 
known in local circles. He was for manj- years collector of the port of Plym- 
outh, and was the grandfather of Winslow Warren, at present collector of the 
port of Boston. It was voted by the General Court to place in this book a picture 
of Major Warren, but diligent search among his descendants fails to reveal any 
trace of a portrait in existence. 

2 The list is an honorable one, including the names of Harrison Gray Otis, 
Joseph Story, Josiah Quincj', Levi Lincoln, Charles Hale, Alexander H. Bullock, 
Harvey Jewell, John E. Sanford, John D. Long and John Q. A. Brackett. The 
senior surviving speaker is Daniel C. Eddy, who, a Baptist clergyman of 
Lowell, presided over the so-called Know Nothing House of 1855. He now 
resitles in Brooklyn, N. Y. Two of our most distinguished speakers, Robert C. 
Winthrop and Nathaniel P. Banks, Jr., became equally noted presiding officers 
over the National House of Representatives, and both died in the fall of 1894. 



38 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

and Boston, twenty years in all, between 1790 and 
1821, was at different periods speaker eleven years. 
Famous men have been received in this hall. 
What a royal welcome was extended in 1817 to 
James Monroe, who, the president of the country, 
had been a valiant soldier during the Revolution. 
How the banquet in Doric Hall must have made 
the arches ring with the plaudits of those who 
greeted him! June 24, 1833, came Andrew Jack- 
son, with his cabinet, including the subsequent 
president, Martin Yan Buren; and, though it was 
in the recess of the Legislature, there was no 
lacking in the reception accorded to Old Hickory. 
This time the party was refreshed in the Senate 
chamber. John Tyler and his cabinet were here 
in 1843, June 17. In 1847 came James Iv. Polk, 
June 30, and with him a man to be elected to the 
presidency in 1856, James Buchanan. Millard 
Fillmore was here in 1848, October, the fall of 
his vice-presidential canvass. Grant and his cab- 
inet were greeted April 17, 1875. It was in 1867, 
June 24, that Andrew Johnson and his party came 
hither. Alexander H. Bullock was governor, and 
in his elegant manner he welcomed the not over- 
popular President, an act which a wit of the day 




REPRESENTATIVES- HALL- January. 1856. 

(Looking South.) 

CHARLES A. PHELPS, Speaker. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 39 

called " wrestling back hold with all the gov- 
ernor's principles;" but when he addressed Sec- 
retary Seward there was no conflict of duty and 
sentiment. To Mr. Seward the governor said, 
"Massachusetts has repeatedly expressed to you 
her love and admiration." To which the great 
war secretary replied, beginning, " I derived my 
first lesson in human rights from Massachusetts. 
... It was from the lips of John Quincy Adams 
that those words came." The " Advertiser," com- 
menting on this reception, said that the people 
were courteous but not enthusiastic. 

'Nov have our visitors been confined to national 
officers. Black Hawk and Keokuk Avith their 
tawny faces were here received Oct. 30, 1837, 
and Black Hawk replied to the party Avho ad- 
dressed him; March 20, 1868, came Kit Carson 
with a band of Utes; and Davy Crockett^ w^as 

1 In his " Tour to the North and Down East," Colonel Crockett says (pages 
76, 77) : *' From the top of the State House I had a fine view of the city, and 
was quite amused to see the representation of a large codfish hung up in the 
House of Assembly, or General Court, as they call it, to remind them, either 
that they depended a good deal on it for food, or made monej' by the fisheries. 
This is quite natural to me, for at home I have at one end of my house the 
antlers of a noble buck and the heavy paws of a bear. ... I return the officers 
in the State House my thanks for their civility. I can't remember all their 
names, and therefore I won't name any of them." This entry was for May 
6, 1834, less than two years before he won death and immortality in defending 
the Alamo. 



40 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

here May 6, 1834. Twice were honors paid to 
Lafayette,^ and here were heard the eloquent 
words of Kossuth.^ The Prince of Wales ^ has 
reason to remember the appearance of this cham- 
ber, as has also the Grand Duke Alexis;^ but 
the line is endless.^ 

" Except the Lord build the house they labor 
in vain that build it." On the 4th of July, 1795, 

> Oa the 26th of August, 1824, by a vote of the Legishiture, passed in 
expectation of the hero's coming, Lafayette received the citizens of Massachu- 
setts in Doric Hall. It is said that on this occasion the national standard for 
the first time was displayed from the cupola. June 16, 1825, he was again 
received in the Representative chamber. Gov. Levi Lincoln in the speaker's 
chair. This was the day before the corner-stone laying at Bunker Hill, and 
Webster's immortal speech. 

2 Kossuth was received at the State House, April 27, 1852 ; and again, the 
next day, passing under an arch bearing the inscription, " There is a com- 
munity in mankind's destiny," he met both branches of the Legislature in the 
Representative chamber, Governor Boutwell presiding, Henry Wilson being 
president of the Senate and Nathaniel P. Banks, Jr., speaker of the House. 

3 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, Oct. 18, 1860. 
* Grand Duke Alexis of Russia, Dec. 8, 1871. 

5 On the 10th of May, 1894, the Legislature greeted Frederick Douglass. 
In a happy manner he responded, and referred to his first appearance in the 
hall, more than fifty years before. In a letter bearing date Feb. 8, 1895, Mr. 
Douglass said he could not give exact date, but was sure it was in 1842. Ref- 
erence to the files of the " Liberator " brings out this statement for the even- 
ing of Jan. 27, 1842 : " It was by far the largest annual meeting ever held by 
the society. [The Massachusetts Anti-slavery.] Every spot in the hall was 
densely filled, and apparently all present not members were friends." Among 
the speakers was "Frederick Douglass, a fugitive from slavery." The fore- 
going refers to the adjourned meeting from Faneuil Hall to this chamber, leave 
having been cranted by the House. 




'William S. Robinson. 

Born Dec. 7, 1818 ; died March 11, 1876. 
Clerk, 1862 — 1872. 



ADDRESS BY ALFllED S. ROE. 41 

the voice of Peter Thatcher was heard invoking 
the Divine blessing on the enterprise of a new 
State House, then advanced to the corner-stone 
hiying. From the old State House, the members 
of the government with the selectmen of Boston 
and Masonic bodies had marched to the Old 
South Church, and there had heard an address 
by George Blake, thence through Milk Street 
and Liberty Square they had returned to State 
and so to the Old State House again, whence, 
under the escort of the Independent Fusileers, 
they had proceeded along Main Street to Winter 
and so to and across the Common to Governor 
Hancock's Pasture, where fifteen Avhite horses, 
representing the States of the Union, had drawn 
the corner-stone. It is said that where are now 
Hancock, Myrtle and Mt. Vernon streets, there 
was only a dreary, dismal waste, and there were 
but three decent houses. Boston had but twenty- 
five thousand inhabitants, all told, and Massa- 
chusetts, Maine included, numbered only three 
hundred and seventy-five thousand. But their 
new enterprise was well thought out, and the 
man who was theii governor was one of the most 



4-2 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 



noted figures in the national annals; and these 
were the words of Samuel Adams, as with Paul 
Kevere he lays the stone: — 

Fellow Citizens : — The Representatives of 
the people, in General Court assembled, did sol- 
emnly resolve that an edifice be erected upon this 
spot of ground for the purpose of holding the 
public councils of the Commonwealth of Massa- 
chusetts. By the request of their agents and 
conunissioners I do now lay the corner-stone. 

May the superstructure be raised even to the 
top stone without any untoward accident, and 
remain permanent as the everlasting mountains. 
May the principles of our excellent Constitution, 
founded in nature and in the rights of man, be 
ably defended here. And may the same princi- 
ples be deeply engraven on the hearts of all citi- 
zens, and there be fixed unimpaired and in full 
vigor till time shall be no more. 

It is interesting to note that the year which 
marked the first move towards a new State House 
was the one in which by legislative enactment the 
American dollar supplanted the British pound, 
though the appropriation for the new edifice was 
in the old style. This year also a petition was 
presented asking for the setting off of the district 
of Maine as an independent State, — a measure 




Edward Hutchinson Robbins. 

Born Feb. 19, 1758; died Dec. 29, 1829. 
Speaker, 1793 — 1802. Member of Building Commission. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 43 

that did not succeed till 1820. How nearly two 
hundred men could find room in the old Repre- 
sentatives' Hall on State Street is a never-failinof 
source of wonder to all who visit that ancient 
and venerated room. With the ti-oubles incident 
to the Revolution well in the background the 
legislators, with a purpose of bettering their con- 
dition, acted as follows : — 



RESOLVE FOR BUILDING A NEW STATE HOUSE. 
February 16, 1795. 

Besolved, That Edward H. Robbins, Esq., 
Thomas Dawes, Esq., and Mr. Charles Bulfinch, 
be and they are hereby appointed agents on the 
part of the Commonwealth; and they, or the major 
part of them, are hereby fully authorized and 
empowered to erect, l)uikl and finish a new State 
House for the accommodation of all the legislative 
and executive branches of government, on a spot 
of ground in Boston commonly called the Gov- 
ernor's Pasture, containing about two acres, more 
or less, adjoining the late Governor Hancock's 
garden, and belonging to the heirs of said Gov- 
ernor Hancock: j^^'ovided, the town of Boston will, 
at their expense, purchase and cause the same to 
be conveyed in fee-simple to the Commonwealth; 
that appearing the most preferable spot for that 
purpose, on such plan and model as said agents, 



44: THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

with the approbation of the committee hereinafter 
named, or the major part of them, shall adopt. 

And be it further Resolved, That the sum of 
eight thousand pounds be, and the same hereby 
is granted, to be paid out of the treasury of the 
Commonwealth to said agents by warrant from the 
Governor, by and with the advice of Council, for 
the purpose aforesaid; they to be accountable to 
the Commonwealth for the same, on the settlement 
of their accounts for the expenditures on said 
building, or at any other time when called upon 
by the General Court. 

The gentlemen to whom was intrusted the task 
of designing and building executed their work 
from beginning to end Avith not a whisper of 
reproach; and, in passing, a glance at these old- 
time worthies is not out of place. EdAvard 
Hutchinson Robbins of Milton was a man whose 
word for nearly or quite half a century was law 
to all his fellow townsmen. From attaining his 
majority till his death there was little time Avhen 
he was not filling some position of public trust. 
IN'ine years in all, or four in the old and five in 
this chamber, he was speaker; from 1802 to 1806 
he was lieutenant-governor; thus gaining the title 
by Avhich most Milton people kncAv him. From 
his estate in the town of Calais, Me., near Lake 




Thomas Dawes. 

Born Aug. 5, 1731 ; died Jan. 2, 1809. 
Member of Building Commission. 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 45 



West Maguerrawoclv, pretty close to the king's 
dominions, were obtained the large timbers that 
became the columns in front and rear of the new 
State House and in Doric Hall. It is worthy 
of note that we j^ass on, almost a hundred years, 
from Bobbins the builder to that other Robbins ^ 
who, as last year's chairman of the committee on 
the State House, waged here his battle royal for 
its preservation. 

Thomas Dawes had experienced the full meas- 
ure of British hate; his house had been sacked 
during the foreign occupancy of Boston, and by 
the enemy he was called "Jonathan Smoothins- 
Plane." He had been a member of the conven- 
tion of 1780, but his addition to this commission 
was on account of his practical experience as a 
builder. In 1800, owing to the deaths of Gov- 
ernor Sumner and Lieutenant-Governor Gill, Mr. 
Dawes, then president of the council, became 
acting governor. He was made a deacon in 
the Old South Church in 1786, and so contin- 
ued till his death in 1809. His body lies in 
King's Chapel burying ground. 



' Royal Robbins, member of the House of Representatives from the Eleventh 
Suffolk District, 1893-1894. 



46 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 



As for Charles Bulfinch, in the language of 
that famous epitaph of Sir Christopher Wren, 
who designed St. Paul's Church, " If you seek 
his monument, look around." 

Such were the men Avho reared these walls, 
and in the intervening years no words of criti- 
cism have been uttered over their work. They 
builded for the century, and now at its end we 
look back along the way, passing in review some 
of the scenes of which this chamber was the 
theatre. Every Massachusetts signer of the Dec- 
laration of Independence save Hancock must have 
seen this interior; some of the events here wit- 
nessed were thrilling in their interest. Robert 
Treat Paine was a member of the council in 
1804, and so repeatedly entered here. Elbridge 
Gerry, as governor in 1810-1812, took his oath 
of office in this room. While we may have no 
record of Samuel Adams in the chamber itself, 
we well know his early part in building, and 
we know that at the State House, Oct. 6, 1803, 
was formed the procession which escorted his re- 
mains to their final resting place in the Granary 
Burial Ground. Most impressive of all was when, 
bowed with his four-score and five years, John 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 47 

Adams came hither to take his seat as a member 
of the Constitutional Convention of 1820. Con- 
scions of his infirmities, he had decKned the hiirh 
honor of presiding officer to which the delegates 
had elected him, but to a man those delegates 
of seventy-five years ago rose and witli uncov- 
ered heads saluted the foremost citizen of Mas- 
sachusetts as he was escorted to his permanent 
seat at the right of the president. Though he 
was not a frequent speaker in that body, yet his 
voice and vote are on record, and they make a 
part of the chain linking us with that past of 
which the Adamses, Hancock, Otis and Revere 
were so considerable a part. Still closer binding 
us to the history that we venerate, in this room, 
Feb. 8, 1800, Fisher Ames gave his eulogy on 
Washington, a task for which he was peculiarly 
well fitted, having given the address to Congress 
when Washington retired from the presidency. 
And in later days there were giants who wrestled 
here. Daniel Webster had been a citizen of this 
Commonwealth only four years when he was sent, 
in 1820, to assist in revising the Constitution. 
Hei-e, as everywhere, his voice was potent, and 
in the light of the events of to-day it is a i)leas- 



48 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

lire to find that he uttered this protest against 
vast accumulations of wealth : " The history of 
other nations may teach us how favorable to pub- 
lic liberty is the division of the soil into small 
freeholds; and a system of laws of which the 
tendency is without violence or injustice to pro- 
duce and to preserve a degree of equality of 
property. . . . The freest government, if it could 
exist, would not long be acceptable if the ten- 
dency of the laws were to create a rapid accumu- 
lation of property in a few hands and to render 
the great mass of the population dependent and 
penniless." In 1888, from the lith to the 19th 
of July, Ex-President Hayes presided in this 
hall, with all the grace so characteristic of him, 
over the sessions of the Prison Congress, and in 
his address uttered words which should link his 
name with those of John Howard and Dorothea 
Dix: "But the citizen cannot be loyal to his 
country and faithful to her true significance if he 
neglects the children of misfortune, of poverty, of 
weakness and of wickedness, who are, or who are 
in danger of being, enrolled in the ranks of crime. 
From the earliest dawn of human life it has been 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. -49 

an irrepealable condition of its existence that all 
men are indeed their brothers' keepers." 

The year 1858 beheld here one of the most 
remarkable events in oin- history. Prompted by 
Garrison, Phillips and others of the anti-slavery 
leaders, the Legislature projected the removal 
of Edward Greeley Loring, judge of probate in 
Suffolk County, for alleged malfeasance in the 
rendition of Anthony Burns. Caleb Cushing, 
dividing the leadership of the Massachusetts bar 
with Rufus Choate, defended the accused in a 
manner worthy of his ex2:)erience and name. It 
was the first and only year of John A. Andrew 
in the Legislature. A confessed abolitionist, his 
reputation up to that time was purely local, but 
so determined, so masterly was his action that 
the obnoxious officer was removed, and the work 
of the Representative made him the successor of 
N^athaniel P. Banks, Jr., in the gubernatorial chair.^ 

It was near the close of the session of 1885 
that the very depths were stirred over the Boston 



' Among those who struggled with Andrew for what he considered good 
government was Geo. D. Wells, a young law.ver from Greenfield, who fell Oct. 
13, 1864, colonel of the Thirty-fourth Massachusetts, at Stickney Farm, Va., 
a prelude to the battle of Cedar Creek. Many others who here helped make 
laws, later went forth to defend them. 



50 THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

police bill. Yictors and vanquished fought long 
and well. All the devices possible to skilled 
l^arliamentarians had only put oflf the inevitable 
end. Confusion reigned almost supreme. The 
speaker had threatened to name recalcitrant mem- 
bers; they in turn had invoked direst vengeance 
on any officer who should lay violent hands upon 
them. Gavels, many, were broken in a vain effort 
to maintain order, and as a last resort a carpen- 
ter's hammer had been secured, to be used should 
the last gavel be destroyed. But Speaker J. Q. A. 
Brackett held firmly to his post, and with the vote 
and the disappearance of the beaten came peace 
and order. 

In this address I have in the main confined 
myself to this room, but were we to go beyond 
its bounds, matters of interest would be found on 
every hand.^ In Doric Hall, just beneath us, was 

1 " If the dome were gilded, it is said by those of artistic and travel-improved 
taste, it would equal in l)eauty any public building in Europe. The cost of such 
improvement would be $5,500. It would last witliout protection ten years, and 
might be made to stand for a longer term. No other equivalent improvement of 
the Capitol could be effected by so slight an expense." (Governor Banks's 
valedictory, 1861.) 

The resolve under which the gilding was first done bears date of June 25, 1874. 
For painting the outside of the State House and for gilding the dome Cyrus T. 
Clark was paid $8,209.94. The dome was re-gilded in 1888, at a cost of $4,758.79; 
the first gilding outlasting the governor's estimate by four years. 



w 

CO 

z 

> 

< 

> 

r 

r 

I 




ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 51 

organized the first volunteer company in the war 
of the rebellion, and doorkeeper John Kinnear, 
over there, was a member. How many thousands 
of our citizens climbed the steps leading to the 
hall to look finally on the faces of Sumner and 
Wilson when their remains there lay in state? 
How many flags were in that space or in front 
of the capitol intrusted to the care and keeping 
of departing regiments, and on their return this 
same hall became their final resting place? Rep- 
resentatives from every war waged by the United 
States have served in this room, and in the last 
House there were thirty-four veterans of the latest 
strife. In the present body there are thirty-six. 

What is to be the fate of this building and of 
this room? There are those who exclaim, "Raze 
it, raze it ! " but out from the hearts of the masses 
of our citizens comes the cry, " Save it, save it ! " 
All sorts of imaginary ills are found in and about 
these walls, evils not dreamed of till their destruc- 
tion was sought. The same iconoclastic spirit, 
extant a thousand years ago, would have found 
the pyramids of Egypt not fireproof and Pompey's 
pillar out of plumb. Destroying them, there had 
been no forty centuries to look down upon Napo- 



52 THE OLD llEPRESEXTATIVES' HALL. 

leon's soldiers, prompting them to prodigies of 
valor, nor had the names of Frenchmen, slain 
in the siege of Alexandria, been graven on the 
base of that famous shaft. We are told that, 
because the years after the revolution to those 
of the rebellion were days of peace, there could 
little interest attach to these walls; but if the 
presence and spirit of Andrew and of those who 
here held their ground in storm and sunshine do 
not render these walls sacred for all time, then let 
us remember that Whittier, one of our prede- 
cessors, sang the praises of peace, saying, — 

" Peace hath higher tests of manhood 
Than battles ever knew." 

"But what shall we do with it?" is the refrain. 
Let it be the Massachusetts forum. Let mankind 
hither come and here discuss their grievances, if 
such they be. Many of us recall that day of last 
year when the thousands of unemployed surged 
up from the Common, up the stairways leading 
to this room, and how they beat upon these doors, 
seeking help for their distresses; and we recall 
how in their spirit of violence they were met by 
the firm hand of the governor and faced about 



ADDRESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 53 

and driven out. To be sure they did later come 
to this very room and here present and plead 
their cause; but suppose this chamber, with all its 
mighty memories, had been open to them, and 
that in this place they could then have told their 
woes, who can say that the effect Avould not be 
for good? If here men should learn to make 
war no more, then God be praised. What better 
place can be found, the world over, where men 
may beat their swords into ploughshares and 
their spears into pruning hooks'? In a sense it 
has already been a forum for the people, since 
within this space have rung out the most elo- 
quent voices of the State and nation. Their 
principles prevented Garrison and Phillips being 
members of this body, but at legislative hearings, 
again and again, have their words been heard in 
behalf of what they deemed the truth. More 
than fifty years since the matchless voice of Lucy 
Stone was heard here, pouring out her heart for 
the enfranchisement of woman; and to hers in 
later years have been joined those of Julia "Ward 
Howe and Mary A. Livermore, making a peerless 
trio for God and the right. 

Annually more than fifty thousand people 



54: THE OLD REPRESENTATIVES' HALL. 

climb the one hundred and seventy steps lead- 
ing to the lantern whence is had the most 
glorious view afforded by western civilization. 
Above still shines the pine cone, a source of 
pride to the builders, calling to mind the remote 
district of Maine, yet once a distinct part of the 
Commonwealth; and, though many may see in 
it resemblance to other objects than the cone, yet 
it is dear to the hearts of all, as cherished as to 
the Englishman is the golden grasshopper which 
at the 2^iniiacle of the tower of London's Royal 
Exchange has long stayed his aerial flight. 

And to-day the last legislative act in this cham- 
ber is had. The story of a century is told. 

Then, grand old hall, hallowed by the presence 
and words of thy many, many thousands, with all 
thy memories, all thy glory, hail and farewell ! 

Note. — There is a wide difference ia the quality of illus- 
trations in this book. A half-tone cannot be better than the 
picture from which it is made. A good photograph makes a 
good engraving. The securing of the originals of some of these 
portraits was a serious task. The faces of Governor Sumner, 
Speaker Hobiuns, Commissioner Dawes and Architect Bul- 
FiNCH were copied from illustrations in books belonging to the 
State Library. Lieutenant-Governor Gill's picture is from a 
photograph belonging to his great-grandson, F. W. Gill of 




Alfred S. Roe. 

Representative, i6th Worcester District. 



ADDllESS BY ALFRED S. ROE. 55 



Boston. The orgiual oil painting (possibly a Stuart) is in 
the possession of some branch of the Boylston family, in which 
the lieutenant-governor found his second wife. Speaker Banks's 
picture is from a daguerreotype made contemporaneously by J. J. 
Hawes of Tremont Row ; that of Robert C. Wixthrop is also 
from an early source. Messenger Kuhn's face is had from 
a copy of an oil painting in the possession of the Sergeant-at- 
Arms. Speaker Meyer's portrait is made from a photograph 
of a recent oil painting by Julian Story. The earlier views 
of the Hall are from wood cuts in Gleason's and Ballou's 
Pictorials. 

In conclusion, it is only fair that 1 should acknowledge my 
obligations to State Librarian C. B. Tillixghast, whose sug- 
gestions and favors have contributed much to the details of 
this paper, and also to the State Printers, whose care and taste 
have resufted in making this volume a fine specimen of the 
book-maker's art. — A. S. R. 



APPENDIX. 



Executive and Legislative 
Departments of the Goveris^ment 

OP THE 

t'ommontoaltb of |tl;iss;ubusttts. 
1895. 



Executive Department. 



HIS EXCEULiE^CY 

Frederic T. Greenhalge of Lowell, 

GOVEt^flOH- 



HIS HOHOt? 

ROGER WOLCOTT OF BOSTON, 

LiIEUTEflRriT GOVEI^rlOI?. 



ZIBR C. KEITH 



CYRUS SRYilGE 



coxjisrciL 

District I. 
District II. 



District III. 

FRHNCIS H. RRYMOND . 



JOHN H. SULLIYJIN 



District IV. 



District V. 



B. FRHNK SOUTHWICK . 

District VI. 

JOHN Fv. HARLOW 

District VII. 

CHARLES E. STEVENS 



District VIII. 



I ilLYflN BSRRUS . 



of BrocKtor\. 
of Taur\tor\. 
of Socqerville. 
of Bostoi\. 
of Peabody. 
of Woburr\. 
of Ware, 
of Gost\eq. 



EXECUTIVE CUERK- 

EDWHRD F. HRMLIN . . of Newtoq. 



Senate 



PRESIDENT: 

Hon. WILLIAM M. BUTLER, 



New Bedford. 



CLERK: 



HENRY D. COOUDGE. 



Concord. 



ASSISTANT CLERK: 



WILLIAM H. SANGER. 



Boston. 



NAME. ADDRESS. 


^R CT. 


Atherton, Horace H., 






Saugus, . 


Fifth Essex. 


Atwood, Edward B., 






Plymouth, 


First Plymouth. 


Bessom, Eugene A., . 






Lynn, . 


First Essex. 


Bill, Ledyard, . 






Pax ton, 


Third Worcester. 


Blodgett, Percival, . 






Templeton, . 1 


Worcester and ] 
Hampshire. J 


Bradford, Edward S., 






Springfield, . 


First Hampden. 


Burns, George J., 






Ayer, . 


Fifth Middlesex. 


Butler, William M., . 






New Bedford, 


Third Bristol. 


Corbett, Joseph J., . 






Boston, . 


Second Suffolk. 


Darling, Francis \V., 






Hyde Park, . 


First Norfolk. 


Durant, William B., . 






Cambridge, . 


Third Middlesex. 


Foss, Ether S., . 






Lowell, . 


SeventhMiddlesex. 


Frothingham, Edward G., 




Haverhill, . 


Fourth Essex. 


Fuller, Granville A., . 




Boston, , 


Eighth Suffolk. 


Gage, George L., 




Lawrence, 


Sixth Essex. 



62 



ArrENDix. 



Senate - concluded. 



NAME. 


ADDRESS. 


DISTRICT. 


Galloupe, George A., 






Beverly, 


Second Essex. 


Gilbiide, Michael B., 






Boston, . 


Third Suffolk. 


Gray, Robert S., 






Walpole, 


Second Norfolk. 


Harvey, Edwin B., . 






AVestborough, 


Second Worcester. 


Hutchinson, Isaac P., 






Boston, • 


Seventh Suffolk. 


Lawrence, George P., 






North Adams, 


Berkshire. 


Leach, James C, 






Bridgewater, 


Second Plymouth. 


Maccabe, Joseph B., . 






Boston, . 




First Suffolk. 


Malone, Dana, . 






Greenfield, . 




Franklin. 


McMorrow, William H., 






Boston, . 




Sixth Suffolk. 


Miller, Joel D., . 






Leominster, . 




Fourth Worcester. 


Morse, William A., . 






Tisbury, 




Cape. 


Neill, Joseph 0., 






Fall River, 




Second Bristol. 


Niles, James P., 






Watertown, 




Second Middlesex. 


Perkins, George W., . 






Somerville, 




First Middlesex. 


Quinn, John, Jr., 






Boston, . 




Fourth Suffolk. 


Reed, George A., 






Framingham, 


Fourth Middlesex. 


Ripley, John B., 






Chester, 




Berkshire and \ 
Hampshire. | 


Salisbury, Stephen, . 






Worcester, 




First Worcester. 


Sanger, George P., . 






Boston, . 




Fifth Suffolk. 


Smith, Sylvanus, 






Gloucester, 




Third Essex. 


Southard, Louis C, . 






Easton, . 




First Bristol. 


Sprague, Charles F., . 






Boston, • 




Ninth Suffolk. 


Wellman, Arthur H., 






Maiden, 




Sixth Middlesex. 


Whitcomb, Marciene H., 






Holyoke, 




Second Hampden. 



APPENDIX. 



63 



House of Representatives. 



SPEAKER: 

HON. GEORGE V. L MEYER, 



CLERK: 

EDWARD A. McLaughlin, 

ASS/STANT CLERK: 



JAMES W. KIMBALL, 



Boston. 



Boston. 



Lynn. 



NAME. 


DISTRICT. 


ADDRESS. 


Allen, Daniel W., . 
Allen, Romeo E., 
Atsatt, Isaiah P., . 
Austin, Frederick E., 
Bailey, George W., . 
Bailey, James A., Jr., 
Baker, Theophilus B., 
Balch. Charles T., . 
Bancroft, Charles G., 
Bancroft, Solon, 
Barber, Harding R., 
Barker, Albert F., . 
Barnes, Erwin F., 
Barnes, Franklin 0., 








19, Essex, 

12, Worcester 
7, Plymouth, 

3, Bristol, . 

4, Berkshire, 
15, Middlesex, 

2, Barnstable, 
7, Essex, 

13, Worcester, 

14, Middlesex, 
1, Worcester, 

3, Plymouth, 
6, Berkshire, 

26, Suffolk, . 


Lynn. 

Shrewsbury. 

Mattapoisett. 

Taunton. 

Pittsfield. 

Arlington. 

Harwich. 

Groveland. 

Clinton. 

Reading. 

Athol. 

Hanson. 

West Stockbridge. 

Chelsea. 



64 



APPENDIX. 



House of Representatives- continued. 



NAME. 


DISTRICT. 


ADDRESS. 


Barry, Daniel J , 






14, Sutfolk, . 


Boston. 


Bates, John L., 






1, Suffolk, , 


Boston. 


Beaman, Algernon T., 






4, Worcester, 


Princeton. 


Bennett, Frank S.,* . 






24, Middlesex, 


Tyngsborough. 


Bird, George B., 






24, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Bliss, Henry C, 






2, Hampden, 


West Springfield. 


Blodgett, Benjamin F., 






5, Worcester, 


West Brookfield. 


Bond, Charles P., . 






18, Middlesex, 


AValtham. 


Bourne, Samuel S., . 






8, Plymouth, 


Middleborough. 


Boutwell, Harvey L., 






9, Middlesex, 


Maiden. 


Bradford, Fred. H., . 






18, Middlesex, 


Waltham. 


Bradley, Manassah" E., 






2, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Brown, Charles D., . 






10, Essex, 


Gloucester. 


Brown, Frederick A., 






8, Worcester, 


Webster. 


Bullock, Benjamin S., 






10, Essex, . 


Manchester. 


Burgas, William H., 






2, Plymouth, 


Kingston. 


Burt, J. Marshall, . 






9, Hampden, 


East Longmeadow. 


Burt, T. Preston, 






3, Bristol, . 


Taunton. 


Carroll, Charles W., 






11, Worcester, 


Milford. 


Carter, William, 






9, Norfolk, . 


Needliani. 


Casey, Daniel C, 






20, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Chandler, Frank, 






16, Middlesex, 


Belmont. 


Clark, Luther W., . 






4, Franklin, 


Deerfield. 


Cochran, James A., . 






1, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Collins, Michael W., 






3, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Cook, Heman S., 






3, Barnstable, 


Provincetown. 


Cook, Gilbert, t- 






14, Worcester, 


Lunenburg. 



* Died April 10. 



t Died February 17 



APPENDIX. 



65 



House of REPRESENTATIVES-CoNTivi-Fn 



Creed, James F., 
Crane, Ellery B.,* . 
Dallinger, Frederick W., 
Davis, William W., . 
Denham, Thomas M., 
Dickinson, David T., 
Donahue, Thomas, . 
Donovan, Timothy J., 
Donovan, William F., 
Donovan, William J., 
Dow, Harry E.., 
Drew, William H., . 
Driscoll, Daniel M., . 
Driscoll, William P., 
Drury, Levi A., 
Duddy, Robert, 
Eddy, George M., 
Edgarton, Henry, 
Edgerton, Albert H., 
Eldredge, Alpheus M., 
Estes, Benjamin F., . 
Fallon, Thomas F., . 
Person, Clarentine E., 
Fillmore, Wellington, 
Fisk, Henry H., 
Flint, James H., 
Flint, Silas W., . 



15, Snfiolk, . 
21, Worcester, 

2, Middlesex, 
21, Suffolk, . 

5, Bristol, . 

1, Middlesex, 
8, Bristol, . 

4, Suffolk, . 
8, Suffolk, . 

2, Suffolk, . 

5, Essex, 

1, Plymouth, 
12, Suffolk, . 

12, Suffolk, . 

3, Essex, 

7, Middlesex, 

6, Bristol, . 
32, Middlesex, 

5, Worcester, 
11, Plymouth, 
19, Essex, . 
19, Suffolk, . 
15, Worcester, 

2, Middlesex, 
1, Barnstable, 
5, Norfolk, . 

13, Middlesex, 



ADDRESS. 



Boston. 
Worcester. 
Cambridge. 
Boston. 
New Bedford- 
Cambridge. 
Fall River. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Lawrence. 
Plymouth. 
Boston. 
Boston. 
Bradford. 
Somerville. 
New Bedford. 
Shirley. 
Sturbridge. 
Brockton. 
Lynn. 
Boston. 
Fitchburg. 
Cambridge. 
Dennis. 
Weymouth. 
Wakefield. 



* Elected to succeed Henry Y. Simpson, deceased. 



66 



APPENDIX. 



House of Representatives- continued. 



NAME. 


DISTRICT. 


ADDRESS. 


Flynn, Joseph J., 






4, Essex, 


Lawrence. 


Foote, William H., . 






2, Hampden, 


Westfield. 


Ford, William E., . 






23, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Foss, Otis, 






1, Dukes, 


Cottage City. 


Fowle, George E., . 






14, Middlesex, 


Woburn. 


French, Zenas A., 






6, Norfolk, . 


Holbrook. 


Gallivau, James A., . 






13, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Gardner, John J., 






1, Nantucket, 


Nantucket. 


Gauss, John D. H., . 






13, Essex, 


Salem. 


Gaylord, Henry E., . 






3, Hampshire, 


South Hadley. 


Geary, Michael P., • 






13, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


George, Samuel W., . 






2, Essex, 


Haverhill. 


Gillingham, James L., 






4, Bristol, . 


Fairhaven. 


Goodrich, Charles W., 






3, Berkshire, 


Hinsdale. 


Graham, William T., 






5, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Grant, Alexander, . 






5, Hampden, 


Chicopee. 


Gray, Joshua S., 






5, Plymouth, 


Rockland. 


Greenwood, Abner, . 






27, Middlesex, 


Ashland. 


Grover, Thomas E., . 






4, Norfolk, . 


Canton. 


Hale, Edward A., 






8, Essex, 


Newburyport. 


Hammond, Charles L., 






5, Norfolk, . 


Quincy. 


Hammond, George, . 






7, Worcester, 


Charlton. 


Harlow, Franklin P., 






6, Plymouth, 


Whitman. 


Harrington, James L.,* 






14, Worcester, 


Lunenburg. 


Harvey, Benjamin C, 






8, Hampden, 


Springfield. 


Harwood, Albert L., 






17, Middlesex, 


Newton Centre. 


Hastings, Samuel, . 






2, Franklin, 


Warwick. 



* Elected to succeed Gilbert Cook, deceased. 



I. OF C. 



APPENDIX. 



67 



House of Represent 



- -Continued. 



NAME. 


DISTRICT. 


ADDRESS. 


Hathaway, Bowers C, 








12, Worcester, 


Westborough. 


Hathaway, Frederic \V., 








12, Plymouth, 


Brockton. 


Hawkes, Wesley 0., 








31, Middlesex, 


Westford. 


Hayes, William H. I., 








24, Middlesex, . 


Lowell. 


Hibbard, George A., . 








18, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Higgins, Sumner C, . 








4, Middlesex, 


Cambridge. 


Hoban, Thomas F., . 








25, Middlesex, 


Lowell. 


Holdcn, Joshua B., . 








11, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Holland, Timothy, . 








19, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Hollis, J. Edward, . 








17, Middlesex, 


Newton. 


Holt, E. Clarence, . 








3, Bristol, . 


Taunton. 


Horan, John G., 








15. Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Howe, Louis P., 








29, Middlesex, 


Marlborough. 


Humphrey, Henry D., 








1, Norfolk, . 


Dedhara. 


Huse, Caleb B., 








8, Essex, 


Newburyport. 


Hutchinson, W. Henry, 








20, Essex, . 


Lynn. 


Irwin, Richard W., . 








1, Hampshire, 


Northampton. 


Ives, D wight H., 






\ 3, Hampden, 


Holyoke. 


Jenks, William S., . 






2, Berkshire, 


Adams. 


Johnson, Edward P., 






i 18, Essex, 


Lynn. 


Jones, George R., 






11, Middlesex, 


Melrose. 


Jordan, Cyrus A., . 






U, Essex, . 


Salem. 


Jourdan, Benjamin A., 






10, Worcester, 


Upton. 


Kaan, Frank W., . 






6, Middlesex, 


Somerville. 


Keenan, James, 






. 16, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Keenan, Thomas F., 






8, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Kellogg, John E., 






Li, Worcester, 


Fitchburg. 



68 



APPENDIX, 



House of Representatives -continued. 



NAME. 


DISTRICT. 


ADDRESS. 


Kimball, William G., 






2, Hampshire, 


Huntington. 


Kingman, Francis M., 






9, Plymouth, 


East Bridgewater. 


Knox, Joseph B., 






22, Worcester, 


Worcester. 


Krebbs, Franz H., Jr., 






17, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Lawrence, Amos A., 






4, Plymouth, 


Cohasset. 


Leach, George A., • 






28, Middlesex, 


Wayland. 


Leach, Osgood L., . 






3, Franklin, 


Northfield. 


Leach, Warren S., . 






2, Bristol, . 


Raynham. 


Light, Charles F., . 






3, Norfolk, . 


Hyde Park. 


Lowell, Francis C, . 






11, Sufiolk, . 


Boston. 


Lynch, John M., 






4, Essex, 


Lawrence. 


Macomber, John A., 2d, 






7, Bristol, . 


Westport. 


Mann, Hugo, . 






5, Franklin, 


Buckland. 


Harden, William H., 






12, Middlesex, 


Stoneham. 


Mayo, Samuel N., . 






8, Middlesex, 


Medford. 


McCarthy, Jeremiah J., 






4, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


McMackin, Bernard, 






7, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Melaven, James F., . 






20, Worcester, 


Worcester. 


Mellen, George H., . 






23, Worcester, 


Worcester. 


Mellen, James H., . 






19, Worcester, 


Worcester. 


Meyer, George v. L., 






9, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Mills, Charles E., . 






9, Bristol, . 


Fall River. 


Mitchell, Samuel H., 






25, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Mooney, Joseph F., . 






8, Bristol, . 


Fall River. 


Moore, E. Lewis, 






28, Middlesex, 


Framingham. 


Moran, William, 






8, Bristol, . 


Fall River, 


Moriarty, Eugene M., 






18, Worcester, 


Worcester. 



APPENDIX. 



69 



House of Representatives- continued. 



NAME. 


DISTRICT. 


ADDRESS. 


Mulvey, Mark B., . 








22, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Murphy, Timothy F., 








7, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Myers, James J., 








1, Middlesex, 


Cambridge. 


Newell, Herbert, 








1, Franklin, 


Shelburne. 


Newell, Richard, 








1, Essex, 


West Newbury. 


Newhall, George H., 








17, Essex, 


Lynn. 


Newhall, John B., 








18, Essex, . 


Lynn. 


Norton, Joseph J., . 








14, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


O'Brien, Michael J., 








0, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


O'Connor, John J., . 








23, Middlesex, 


Lowell. 


O'Hara, John M., . 








3, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Osgood, L. Edgar, . 








6, Essex, 


North Andover. 


Parker, Theodore K., 








2, Worcester, 


Winchendon. 


Penniman, George W., 








10, Plymouth, 


Brockton. 


Perkins, Lyman H., . 








6, Hampden, 


Springfield. 


Phelps, Carlton T., . 








1, Berkshire, 


North Adams. 


Pinkham, Edward W., 








17, Essex, . 


Lynn. 


Porter, Burrill, Jr., . 








1, Bristol, . 


No. Attleborough. 


Porter, George W., . 








7, Norfolk, . 


Avon. 


Porter, J. Frank, 








22, Essex, . 


Danvers. 


Prevaux, John J., 








1, Essex, 


Amesbury. 


Putnam, George E., . 








22, Middlesex, 


Lowell. 


Quint, Nicolas M., . 








21, Essex, 


Pcabody. 


Quirk, Charles I., 








20, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Rice, Henry F., 








9, Worcester, 


Sutton. 


Richardson, Robert A., 








3, Essex, 


Haverhill. 


Roberts, Ernest W., 








27, Suffolk, . 


Chelsea, 



70 



APPENDIX. 



House of Representatives -continued. 



NAME. 


DISTRICT. 


ADDRESS. 


Roe, Alfred S., . 








16, Worcester, 


Worcester. 


Root, Silas B., . 










1, Hampden, 


Granville. 


Roper, George A., 










24, Middlesex, 


Lowell. 


Ross, Samuel, . 










5, Bristol, . 


New Bedford. 


Rourke, Daniel D., 










6, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Rourke, Fred H., 










21, Middlesex, 


Lowell. 


Russell, George G., 










In, Essex, 


Salem. 


Ryan, James F., 










16, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Ryder, Martin F., 










6, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Sargent, Charles F., 










5, Essex, 


Lawrence. 


Scates, George M., 










21, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Searls, William P., 










17, Worcester, 


Worcester. 


Shea, John T., . 










3, Middlesex, 


Cambridge. 


Sheehan, John F., 










4, Hampden, 


Holyoke. 


Shepherd, William, 










20, Essex, 


Lynn. 


Sibley, Frank M., 










5, Hampshire, 


Ware. 


Sisson, Henry D., 










7, Berkshire, 


New Marlborough. 


Slade, David F., 










9, Bristol, . 


Fall River. 


Sleeper, George T., 










27, Suffolk, . 


Winthrop. 


Smith, Albert C, 










18, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Smith, Henry M., 










5, Berkshire, 


Lee. 


Snow, George F., 










20, Middlesex, 


Chelmsford. 


Southworth, Amasa E., . 








5, Middlesex, 


Somerville. 


Spalding, Warren F., 








4, Middlesex, 


Cambridge. 


SpofiFord, John C, . 








10, Middlesex, 


Everett . 


Spring, Arthur L., • 








10, Suffolk, . 


Boston. 


Stanley, Fred D., 










6, Bristol, . 


New Bedford. 



APPENDIX. 



71 



House of Representatives -continued. 



Stevens, Ezra A., 
St. John, Thomas E., 
Stocker, Joseph W., 
Stone, Daniel D., 
Strong, Homer 0., 
Sturtevant, Charles ] 
Tarr, George J., 
Teamoh, Robert T., 
Thacher, Josiah P., 
Thurston, Lyman D. 
Tolman, William, 
Tower, Henry, . 
Towie, William W., 
Tuite, Michael, . 
Turner, Arthur H., 
Turner, George W.,* 
Tuttle, John E., 
Utley, Charles H., 
Wadden, Frank L., 
Waite, Gilnian, . 
Wakefield, Charles E. 
Wales, George A., 
Wallis, Horace E., 
Warriner, Stephen C, 
Waterman, George B., 
Wentworth, George L., 
Weston, Clarence P., 



9, Middlesex, 
2, Essex, 

12, Essex, 

9, Essex, . 
1, Hampshire, 

23, Suffolk, . 

10, Essex, 

9, Suffolk, . 

30, Middlesex, 

6, Worcester, 

4, Berkshire, 

29, Middlesex, 

17, Suffolk, . 

11, AVorcester, 

13, Worcester, 
G, Hampden, 

24, Suffolk, . 
2, Norfolk, . 

16, Essex, 
2, Worcester, 

4, Hampshire, 

7, Norfolk, . 
10, Hampden, 

8, Hampden, 
1, Berkshire, 

5, Norfolk, . 
10, Suffolk, . 



Maiden. 

Haverhill. 

Beverly. 
! Hamilton. 

Southampton. 

Boston. 

Gloucester. 

Boston. 

Littleton. 

Leicester. 

Pittsfield. 

Hudson. 

Boston. 
Blackstone. 

Harvard. 

Springfield. 

Boston. 

Brookline. 

Marblehead. 

Templeton. 

Amherst. 

Stoughton. 

Holland. 

Springfield. 

Williamstown. 

Weymouth. 

Boston. 



* Elected to succeed Joseph L Shijiloy, deceased. 



72 



APPENDIX. 



House of Representatives -concluded. 



NAME. 



ADDRESS. 



Wheaton, Mark 0., . 








1, Bristol, . 


Attleborough. 


Whitaker, Elbridge J., 








8, Norfolk, . 


Wrentham. 


White, George E., . 








1, Barnstable, 


Sandwich. 


White, Williams., . 








8, Norfolk, . 


Foxborough. 


Wiley, Albert L., . 








3, Worcester, 


Hardwick. 


Willard, Edward E., 








26, Snffolk, . 


Chelsea. 


Wilson, Edward H., 








26, Middlesex, 


Natick. 


Winn, John, 








19, Middlesex, 


Woburn. 


Wood, Henry 0., 








10, Bristol, . 


Swanzey. 


Woodfall, J. Loring, 








11, Essex, 


Rockport. 


Young, Charles L., . 








7, Hampden, 


Springfield. 



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